youth theatre

Why Every High School Theater Needs a Rehearsal Contract

February 6, 2025 By dhcbaldwin 3 Comments

Why Every High School Theater Needs a Rehearsal Contract

Let’s talk about why every high school theater (and even middle school) needs a rehearsal contract. When I first began directing youth theater plays, I ran everything like a professional theater company. That’s all I knew. Don’t be like me. It’s a wonder any students continued working with me. I’m sure I was too strict, too rigid and too professional. These are kids for heaven’s sake. However, running a high school play or musical is no small task.

Between casting, scheduling, and final performances, there are countless moving pieces that require organization and commitment. One of the best ways to establish expectations from the start is through a rehearsal contract. If you do so, you will have less issues to deal with and that’s tantamount to keeping the stress at bay. Wondering about all the details of directing? Check out: Ten Important Elements to Consider When Directing a Youth Theater Production

You ask, what is a rehearsal contract? A rehearsal contract is a simple document that outlines responsibilities, schedules, and rules for everyone involved in a production. It ensures that students, parents, and staff are on the same page, helping to create a smooth and professional rehearsal process.

Why Every High School Theater Needs a Rehearsal Contract

Attendance Policy
Too often, I read in Facebook theater teacher groups about directors losing students to conflicts they never mentioned prior to casting the show. Students should understand that theater is a team effort, and absences affect everyone. The contract should outline expectations regarding:

Required attendance for rehearsals and performances You need to decide how much you are willing to acquiesce to students’. Me? I don’t budge.
Consequences for excessive absences. Will they be dropped from the show?
Procedures for notifying the director in case of emergencies–Do you want it in an email? You must state this.

Rehearsal Schedule
A clear schedule helps students plan accordingly. The contract should include:

Weekly rehearsal days and times My advice is to begin and end promptly at the time you set. Inform the students to arrive early if they want to visit.
Tech week expectations (longer rehearsals, no absences) If it’s over a meal time. Will you feed them?
Acknowledgment that last-minute changes may occur. Will you send out an email stating these or post it outside of your classroom?

Rehearsal Conflict: Calling the Right Actors at the Right Time

Note: I’m a little different here–I only call the actors I need to work with in a particular scene. Everyone is not called for rehearsal every day. If the scene includes other characters but they are not important to the blocking (a large cast scene, for example), I don’t require them until later.

Why? Because the non-speaking characters can become bored very quickly. Or they might feel taken advantage of to have to rehearse when they aren’t the focus of the scene. (All actors have egos!) Check out my blog about double casting: Double Casting a Show? Here’s Advice

3. Behavior Expectations
A rehearsal is only as productive as the attitude of the cast and crew. Guidelines should address:

Respect for directors, stage managers, and fellow cast members–Maintaining a quiet atmosphere is important
Staying focused and engaged during rehearsals–No talking during rehearsals
Cell phone usage and socializing limits–I don’t allow cell phones in rehearsals. They are a huge distraction to everyone. I warn everyone once. After that, I begin taking phones away and setting them on the edge of the stage.

4. Line and Blocking Memorization
Deadlines for memorization help keep the production on track. The contract can specify:

When actors must be off-book. For instance, when we block a scene, I remind them that the next time we hearse this scene, I require them to be off book–they may ask for lines at this rehearsal, however.
The importance of learning blocking and choreography–I’m a real stickler for blocking. Additionally, I take great care and time pre-blocking the production and I have reasons that I want the actors to use my blocking. The blocking always motivates the lines.
You may need to teach your students how to memorize lines and blocking. Check out this post for help: Three Ways to Memorize Lines for a Play or Musical
Consequences for failing to meet deadlines. If you set up rehearsals and expectations properly, you will not need consequences. You could use a “three strikes and you are out” rule.

Costumes, Props & Backstage Expectations: Taking Responsibility for the Details

5. Technical and Costuming Responsibilities
The backstage crew and actors share responsibility for props, set pieces, and costumes. The contract should include:

Care and handling of costumes, props, and set pieces You need to make a list of what you expect here. Do you expect the students to wash their clothes between shows? Wearing deodorant? How about hanging them up properly?
Expectations for costume fittings–I also remind the students that they are wearing costume not a cute outfit to school. It is different. Plus, It is not uncommon for them to not like how they look in the costume (teenage angst) , but they will learn how to accept this in time.
Any personal items students need to provide (shoes, base clothing, etc.)

6. Parent/Guardian Acknowledgment
Since high school theater often involves extended hours, transportation, and possible fees, the contract should require a parent/guardian signature. This ensures:

Parents are aware of the time commitment Spell it out several times. For instance, “Rehearsals run from 4:30 to 6:30 Monday, Wednesday and Friday. Then, beginning February 18, they will run Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday from 4:30 to 7:00 p.m.”
They understand financial obligations. Usually, I suggest mentioning this right up front. This may keep some students from participating.
They are encouraged to support their child’s participation. Welcome your parents to be involved as chairs for committees such as box office, concessions, building the set, props and costumes. I’ve made great friendships with my students’ parents. They are terrific cheerleaders for your program!

The Benefits of Using a Rehearsal Contract

Sometimes, you will find that you are teaching the parents and the students how to rehearse and what is expected of them. Remember: A contract does more than just enforce rules—it builds accountability. Not only does it help students treat the production with a higher level of professionalism, it prepares them for future performance experiences.

Additionally, it reduces confusion and ensures that parents, students, and staff share the same expectations from day one. By implementing a rehearsal contract, you’re setting your cast and crew up for success, creating a smoother process for everyone involved.

Looking for more information about directing a production with students? Check out: Critical Steps in Producing a Play or Musical: Costumesor Critical Steps in Selecting a Play or Musical: Casting

A Freebie Just for You!

Like always, it is my goal to help teachers by providing resources that lighten their teaching. Check out this rehearsal contract and see if it has what you need. I’ve created a word doc. of it!! You can download it and work it from there. I hope this helps you! Click here: Rehearsal Contract

first rehearsal — First rehearsal of Oklahoma!

High School Theater Rehearsal Contract

Production Title: [Insert Play/Musical Name]
School Name: [Insert School Name]
Director: [Insert Director’s Name]
Rehearsal Start Date: [Insert Date]
Performance Dates: [Insert Dates]

1. Attendance Policy

The success of our production depends on everyone’s commitment. Cast and crew members agree to:

Attend all scheduled rehearsals unless excused in advance.
Arrive on time and remain for the full duration of rehearsal.
Notify the director at least 24 hours in advance if an absence is unavoidable.
Limit absences to [insert allowed number] before roles may be reassigned.
Be present for all mandatory rehearsals, including tech week and performances (no absences permitted).

2. Rehearsal Schedule

Rehearsals will be held on [insert days and times].
Tech week and additional rehearsals may be scheduled as needed.
Students must check the callboard/email for updated schedules.

3. Rehearsal Etiquette

Arrive prepared with your script, notes, and any necessary materials.
Give full attention to the director, stage manager, and crew.
Respect the rehearsal space—clean up after yourself and take care of props/costumes.
Keep talking and cell phone use to a minimum unless permitted by the director.
Support your fellow cast and crew members with a positive attitude.

4. Line and Blocking Memorization

Lines must be memorized by [insert deadline].
Blocking and choreography must be fully learned and retained.
Failure to meet deadlines may result in removal from the production.

5. Costume and Technical Responsibilities

Actors will be responsible for attending all costume fittings.
Proper care must be taken with all props, costumes, and set pieces.
Actors may be required to provide certain personal costume items (shoes, undergarments, etc.).

6. Behavioral Expectations

Treat directors, stage managers, cast, and crew with respect.
Disruptive behavior, excessive tardiness, or refusal to cooperate may result in dismissal from the production.
Follow all school rules and adhere to safety protocols.

7. Parent/Guardian Acknowledgment

Parents/guardians must acknowledge the commitment required:

Students may have extended rehearsals leading up to the show.
Parents are responsible for transportation and ensuring their child arrives on time.
There may be financial responsibilities for costume items or production fees (if applicable).

Agreement and Signatures

By signing this contract, I acknowledge my role in this production and agree to adhere to the rehearsal expectations. I understand that failure to comply with these terms may result in consequences, including removal from the production.

Student Name (Print): ____________________________
Student Signature: ____________________________ Date: ____________

Parent/Guardian Name (Print): ____________________________
Parent/Guardian Signature: ____________________________ Date: ____________

Director Signature: ____________________________ Date: ____________

This contract sets clear expectations while reinforcing professionalism in high school theater. Let me know if you’d like any modifications!

I hope this post gives you all the answers you are looking for, but if not feel free to email me at DhcBaldwin@gmail.com and ask me any questions you have.

Exploring Modern Theaters: A Global Journey in Performance

January 20, 2025 By dhcbaldwin Leave a Comment

Exploring Modern Theaters: A Global Journey in Performance

As you might expect, I’ve attended theater all around the world–from Marcel Marceau in 1961, Kabuki theater in 1973 to an Innuit play in 2001. Additionally, I’m aware that most of our students are not as fortunate as I. However, I think there is one way we can remedy this for our students. Simply put, introduce to them theater around the world. Modern theater is a mix of old traditions and new ideas. Around the world, theater is growing and changing, showing the creativity of different cultures. This post, “Exploring Modern Theaters: A Global Journey in Performance,” takes a look at how theater is done in various places and what makes each unique.

Creativity and Diversity

United States: The U.S. is known for its amazing theater, especially Broadway in New York City. Big musicals like Hamilton and The Lion King are huge hits, but there’s also smaller, more creative theater happening Off-Broadway and in places like Chicago. These smaller theaters often tell new stories and try out bold ideas. Perhaps more importantly, we have theater opportunities for people of different abilities, welcoming everyone to participate!

When Sam’s son, who has developmental disabilities, asked, “When is it my turn to act on stage?” she took action. As the theater arts coordinator at Phoenix Day School for the Deaf, Sam created Detour Company Theatre to provide performance opportunities for individuals with cognitive and physical disabilities. Detour, with about 50 actors, stages double features like Shrek The Musical and Legally Blonde The Musical. Consequently, this allows our members to shine in lead and ensemble roles. “We take detours, but we all arrive at the same destination—entertainment and joy,” says Sam.

Canada: Canada’s theater reflects its mix of cultures. The Stratford Festival in Ontario. This festival focuses on Shakespeare and classic plays. Additionally, Indigenous playwrights like Tomson Highway tell important stories about First Nations. In Quebec, French-language plays bring another layer to Canada’s theater scene.

Latin America: Theater in Latin America often combines art and activism. In Brazil, Augusto Boal’s Theatre of the Oppressed is a groundbreaking method that uses theater as a tool for social change. This technique encourages audience participation, turning spectators into “spect-actors”. This gives the audience a chance to engage with the performance and suggest solutions to real-life problems. Not only is that engaging, but of course topical. It includes forms like Forum Theatre, where audience members step into roles to explore different outcomes, and Image Theatre, which uses body language to communicate complex ideas without words.

Boal’s work has inspired activists and educators worldwide to use theater to address inequality, oppression, and social justice issues. In Mexico, street theater is very popular, turning public spaces into stages and making theater fun and easy to access.

Europe: Old and New Come Together

United Kingdom: The UK has a wide variety of theater, from the famous West End to interactive shows by companies like Punchdrunk. London’s National Theatre and Shakespeare’s Globe perform both old and new works, while smaller theaters introduce exciting new playwrights.

Punchdrunk Theatre Company, founded in 2000 by Felix Barrett, revolutionized immersive theater by placing audiences directly in the action. Known for their acclaimed production Sleep No More, a film noir-inspired take on Macbeth that’s captivated audiences in London, New York, and Shanghai, Punchdrunk creates non-linear narratives in sprawling, interactive spaces. Their latest, The Burnt City, explores the mythological Trojan War in a vast London venue.

Germany: Germany is known for its creative and experimental theater. Directors like Thomas Ostermeier at Berlin’s Schaubühne. Furthermore, this company makes bold choices, using technology and powerful visuals to connect with audiences in new ways.

France: French theater is often cutting-edge. The Avignon Festival is famous for blending theater, dance, and technology. Groups like Théâtre du Soleil explore global and political themes, attracting audiences from around the world.

Eastern Europe: Theater in Eastern Europe is shaped by its history. Puppetry and physical theater are common, with groups like Poland’s Teatr Piesn Kozla using music and movement to tell moving stories.

Asia: Mixing Old and New

India: Indian theater combines ancient traditions with modern issues. The Rangashankara theater in Bangalore encourages new writing. Likewise, traditional forms like Kathakali inspire today’s plays. Writers like Mahesh Dattani focus on topics like gender and identity.

Japan: Japan’s theater keeps its classics alive, like Noh and Kabuki, while also pushing boundaries. Groups like Tokyo Metropolitan Theatre bring together artists from around the world, and playwright Toshiki Okada uses minimalist styles to talk about modern life.

China: Chinese theater is a mix of traditional opera and modern techniques. For instance, cities like Beijing and Shanghai host performances that include drama, music, and digital effects.

Southeast Asia: Countries like Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines show a blend of tradition and modern theater. Shadow puppetry, like Wayang Kulit, inspires new works, while writers explore global and cultural themes.

Africa: Stories of Strength and Change

African theater is deeply connected to storytelling and tradition. In Nigeria, Wole Soyinka’s plays explore the mix of old and new cultures. Moreover in South Africa, productions like Woza Albert! use humor to talk about serious topics like apartheid. Across the continent, theater reflects themes of identity and resilience, with festivals like South Africa’s National Arts Festival showcasing these works.

Australia and Oceania: Cultural Bridges

In Australia, Indigenous theater is very important. Groups like Bangarra Dance Theatre tell stories through dance and music, celebrating Aboriginal culture. Playwrights like David Williamson write sharp, funny plays about modern society. In New Zealand, theater mixes Maori myths with current issues to create unique performances.

Global Trends in Modern Theater

Theater today shares some common trends across the world:

Diversity and Representation: More playwrights and directors from different backgrounds are sharing their stories, creating fresh perspectives.
Technology on Stage: Shows are using virtual reality, projections, and other technologies to create amazing effects. Productions like The Encounter use 3D sound to make the audience feel part of the story.
Eco-Friendly Practices: Many theaters are trying to be greener by reusing sets and cutting down on energy use.
Interactive Shows: Some theaters let the audience take part in the story. Additionally, plays like Sleep No More create immersive experiences where viewers explore the performance space.

The Future of Modern Theater

John Steinbeck said, “The theater is the only institution in the world which has been dying for four thousand years and has never succumbed.” Every time I hear about a new production opening or a theater announcing its next season, I get a lump in my throat thinking about how “theater is dying”, not!

Modern theater keeps changing to stay exciting and relevant. As technology grows and new ideas emerge, theater will continue to reflect the world’s challenges and successes. That is exciting, yes? By mixing old traditions with new innovations, theater remains a powerful way to bring people together and share stories.

Whether it’s on big stages like Broadway or in small, experimental spaces, modern theater shows us what it means to be human. It connects us across cultures and reminds us of the power of storytelling.

Theaters Around the World Resource

Are you teaching middle and high school students about modern theater? Check out my Theaters Around the World unit. It contains a series of video clips with questions pertaining to various theater companies around the world not mentioned here. Have any questions? Please feel free to email me with them at DhcBaldwin@gmail.com

Deb

How to Attract Boys to Drama Programs

December 23, 2024 By dhcbaldwin Leave a Comment

How to Attract Boys to Drama Programs

I keep up with theater teachers through Facebook groups and very often a teacher is lamenting about their lack of boys for their play or musical. This is a very common problem. I’m lucky, I guess. Having never had this challenge myself, it’s tough for me to know how to counsel these teachers. I had plenty of boys involved in my plays and musicals during my thirty-eight years of productions. Admittedly, getting boys participating in a drama program can sometimes feel like an uphill battle. However, it doesn’t have to be. This blog post, How to Attract Boys to Drama Programs offers you strategies and an inclusive approach to create an environment that appeals to boys and showcases the many ways theater can enrich their lives.

Warning: Boys are different than girls for more than the obvious reasons. Sometimes they take things into their hands when they really shouldn’t. More on that later.

Why Boys May Hesitate to Join Drama

Boys are under different social pressures than girls when it comes to being involved in the arts. Let’s consider the reasons boys might shy away from drama programs. Common barriers include:

Stereotypes: Boys may view drama as an activity that’s “not for them.” What do they mean by that? Middle school is a time when friendships are vitally important. If a boy is interested in auditioning for you, but his best friend is not, this boy will have a tough time committing to production.
Peer Pressure: Fear of judgment from friends can deter them. Unfortunately, we know that there are people who bully others just to make themselves feel powerful. Middle school is a haven for this attitude. Not surprisingly, a boy may avoid your invitation to audition just because he’s afraid of what the other boys might say or do. Once I saw one of my former male students who was known for bullying others stand dead center in an auditorium just to be noticed by the audience before the production began. Heaven forbid he’d audition!
Limited Exposure: Many boys haven’t been introduced to the exciting aspects of theater. There are so many cool parts to theater arts which boys can truly excel in if they try. Because generally there are fewer of them, the boys who are all ready a part of your theater program will get all the good stuff such as lighting, set and stage properties design.

Strategies to Attract Boys to Drama Programs

How does a teacher attract or encourage boys to be involved in your drama program? Here are some ways I’ve found that have worked with a few boys I know.

1. Highlight the Benefits of Drama

Emphasize how drama builds confidence, improves communication skills, and fosters teamwork. Frame these benefits in ways that resonate with boys, such as:

Leadership skills: Drama encourages taking initiative and leading others on stage and behind the scenes. Check out this blog post if you’d like to learn more–How Theatre Shaped My Life Volume Two
Collaboration: Showcase how teamwork in theater parallels skills used in sports or group projects. I always told my males, “You will never sit on the bench. Rest easy, because you all ready know you are going to be involved because you play an actual character who is important to the production. “
Problem-solving: Technical theater, like set design and lighting, involves critical thinking and creativity.

2. Showcase Role Models

Promote male actors, directors, and technicians as examples of success. Highlight figures like Denzel Washington, Lin-Manuel Miranda, and Hugh Jackman, Anthony Ramos or Daniel Radcliffe who prove that theater is for everyone. Guest speakers or alumni who were involved in drama can also inspire boys to participate.

3. Offer a Range of Roles

Drama isn’t just about acting. Boys who might feel uncomfortable performing can get involved in:

Technical theater: Lighting, sound, and set construction are hands-on and appealing to many boys. Learn about my own students, Brandon Thomas, who became a professional set designer: The Five Reasons Your Students Will Love Set Design
Stage combat: This element can add excitement and attract boys interested in action. Learn about my friend, Russ Brown’s stage combat business:
Playwriting and directing: For those who prefer being behind the scenes.

4. Incorporate Popular Themes

Choose plays or musicals with themes and stories that resonate with boys. Reading a play in a drama class which is male heavy can encourage your boys’ interest. Productions featuring action, humor, or male leads can spark their interest. Examples include:

Adventurous tales like Peter and the Starcatcher or Treasure Island.
Modern musicals like Newsies or Hamilton that blend high energy with compelling male characters.
Classic male-heavy plays for middle schoolers such as The Jungle Book or The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
Comedic options like The Brothers Grimm Spectaculathon or Holes offer humor and ensemble opportunities.
Action-packed choices like Robin Hood or The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, bring thrilling stories to life.
Historical dramas like Johnny Tremain or The Browns Go to Birmingham, explore rich narratives suitable for younger students.

5. Build a Welcoming Culture

Create an inclusive environment where boys feel comfortable expressing themselves. For instance:

Peer mentorship: Pair new boys with experienced male students in the drama program. If you have the opportunity to double cast a new male student with a veteran of your program, this is a great experience for both!
Social events: Host team-building activities that appeal to boys, such as improv nights or prop-building workshops.
Positive reinforcement: Celebrate boys’ achievements in drama to boost their confidence and visibility. (But be certain is it in equal measure to your girls.)

6. Engage Parents and Teachers

Parents and educators play a crucial role in encouraging boys to try drama. Additionally, communicate the academic and personal benefits of theater. Speak to any concerns they might have about stereotypes or peer influence. Perhaps the parents are wrestling with whether their son’s time is being well spent. Check out this blog post concerning professions that use theater arts skills: Why Theater Education Matters: Developing Key Life Skills

Unpredictable Adventures: Directing Boys on Stage

With all of this, I admit boys are more likely to take a chance on the stage than a female would. One boy, who is now studying to become a drama teacher, decided that he would “triple dress” for a production of Lil Mermaid. No one asked him to do so. Usually Matt is full of energy, but I remember looking up observing that something was terribly wrong with Matt. He was sweating profusely and could hardly move. That’s when he admitted his triple dressing idea. Friend, he even tripled dressed right down to his hat!

Another time, when I directing The Ransom of Red Chief, a boy thought his character would be funnier if he did a flip off the park bench. As you might expect, when he did so we heard a loud crack. Rodney had broken his arm! This was opening night, so he had to play the role for the rest of the nights with a cast on his arm.

How to Attract Boys to Drama Programs

While directing Alice in Wonderland, one of the boys double cast as as the Mad Hatter decided that he wanted to eat bread and butter in the tea party scene. Without asking, he took them on to stage and proceeded to do so. Did the set crew know this? Did I know this ahead of time? Nope and nope. When the scene ended, the crew was instructed to turn the table on its side and carry it out. Everything had been stuck to the table…but of course not the bread and butter! No one saw it fall off the butter dish break but me. The stage manager brought out a stool and promptly slipped on the butter and fell to the floor. Fun times…

Success Stories from Boys in Drama

Hearing about real-life examples of boys thriving in drama programs can motivate others. Share testimonials from male students who have benefited from theater. Most importantly, these stories highlight the friendships, skills, and opportunities boys gain through drama.

Final Thoughts: Drama Is for Everyone

Lastly, drama programs can break down stereotypes, create engaging opportunities, and foster an inclusive atmosphere. I promise you if you’ll follow some of my suggestions, you too can attract boys and show them the transformative power of theater. Drama programs are a place where everyone—regardless of gender—can explore their creativity, grow as individuals, and have fun. Check out this blog post for more information about my opinion: There’s a Place for Everyone in Theater

Ready to start attracting more boys to your drama program? Let’s make drama a space for all students to thrive! Contact me if you have any questions. I’d love to hear from you!

Epic Theater Evolution: A Journey Through Time

December 11, 2024 By dhcbaldwin Leave a Comment

Let’s talk about epic theater evolution: a journey through time, shall we? I’ll admit it. I wasn’t much for history when I was a young student. However, as I’ve aged, I’ve become more interested in it. I guess that is what age does to you?

Epic Theater Evolution: A Journey Through Time

Theater has been an integral part of human culture for thousands of years. It evolved through various forms and styles to become the dynamic and diverse art form we enjoy today. Let’s journey through the fascinating history of theater, from its origins in ancient Greece to the innovative virtual productions of the modern era.

Ancient Greek Theater

Last summer we had the amazing opportunity to tour Greece! Before traveling there, I hadn’t researched the tour because I like to learn about the sites more spontaneously. We purposely chose this trip so that we could see all of the ruins of Greek theaters. Wow, did we see a lot.

The origins of Western theater trace back to ancient Greece, around the 5th century BCE. This era gave birth to the seminal genres of tragedy and comedy. Greek tragedies, often based on mythological themes, explored human emotions. Playwrights like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides are still revered for their contributions, with works like “Oedipus Rex” and “Medea” continuing to be studied and performed. If you’ve never read a Greek play, I’d encourage you to do so. They are amazing and as timely now as then.

Greek comedies, penned by playwrights such as Aristophanes, offered satirical takes on contemporary society and politics. The amphitheaters of ancient Greece, with their impressive acoustics and grand stages, became the blueprint for future theater architecture.

The Renaissance and Shakespearean Era

Several years ago, we traveled to England and saw the birthplace of William Shakespeare. Wow! The Renaissance period was a period of revival and innovation in the arts, and theater was no exception. This era saw the emergence of new theatrical forms and the construction of iconic venues like The Globe Theatre in London. ‘

William Shakespeare, perhaps the most celebrated playwright of all time, emerged during this period. His plays, ranging from the tragic “Hamlet” to the comedic “A Midsummer Night’s Dream,” have left an indelible mark on literature and theater. If you’d like to learn more about Shakespeare, check out: What is Shakespeare in the Park and Why Should I Like It?

Shakespeare’s works explored the complexity of the human condition. In addition, his mastery of language and characterization has influenced countless playwrights and actors. The Renaissance also saw the development of opera and ballet, further enriching the theatrical landscape.

The 19th and 20th Centuries

In the 19th century theater shifted towards realism and naturalism. Playwrights like Henrik Ibsen and Anton Chekhov leading the way. Ibsen’s “A Doll’s House” and Chekhov’s “The Cherry Orchard” focused on everyday life and the intricacies of human relationships, departing from the melodramatic styles of earlier periods. Sometime ask me about my experience being part of the live sound effects crew on Chekhov’s play, “Three Sisters”. There were these sleigh bells on a piece of wire and I was to “canter” with them…Oh my gosh, it was a funny experience~

The Birth of Musical Theater

Probably my most favorite time in theater history was when the 20th century witnessed the rise of musical theater. Musicals with legendary collaborations like Rodgers and Hammerstein producing classics such as “The Sound of Music“ and “Oklahoma!” continue to be popular to this day. This period also introduced groundbreaking works from playwrights like Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams, whose plays delved into the complexities of American life. Read this post if you are interested in additional historical information about musical theater– Showtime Chronicles: History of Musical Theater Unveiled

Contemporary Theater

Today, theater is more diverse and experimental than ever. Personally, I’m pleased to see this. Modern productions often incorporate multimedia elements, breaking traditional boundaries to create immersive experiences. Playwrights like Tony Kushner and directors like Julie Taymor have pushed the envelope with innovative storytelling and staging techniques.

Furthermore, the inclusion of diverse voices and stories has enriched contemporary theater. Thus, making it a more inclusive space that reflects a wide range of experiences and perspectives. For example, in New York City, the popular theatre attraction “Sleep No More” pushes the audience’s a-typical standards of plays by introducing Shakespeare’s Macbeth almost as if it were an exhibit piece. Requiring the audience to remain silent throughout, audience members are asked to analyze complicated set pieces and follow fast-paced actors running through rooms to understand the story. How fascinating.

An excellent musical which just recently ran on Broadway was How to Dance in Ohio. At a group counseling center in Columbus, Ohio, seven autistic young adults prepare for a spring formal dance–a rite of passage that breaks open their routines and sets off hilarious and heartbreaking encounters with love, stress, excitement, and independence.

The Rise of Virtual and Online Theater

The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented challenges to the performing arts. However, it also spurred a surge in virtual and online theater. Companies adapted by streaming performances and creating interactive digital experiences. Productions like the National Theatre’s “Frankenstein” and Zoom-based plays have demonstrated the potential of virtual theater. Those of you who teach theater used every means possible to allow your students to perform. Some even used radio theater! As great as it sounds, Covid nearly ruined theater. Check out: TheConversation.com article: The Pandemic Nearly Killed Theater

As we move forward, hybrid models combining live and digtal elements are likely to become more common, expanding the reach and accessibility of theater. I’m thrilled to see more recorded live theater performances such as National Theatre Home.

Onthestage.com, states, “Perhaps the biggest added value of VOD (video on demand) is the flexibility it brings to audiences. Maybe someone across the country is interested in viewing your show, but doesn’t have the means to get there. Or, in today’s uncertain climate, it’s likely someone might fall ill during show week and can’t attend in-person. There are some, even, that may prefer to watch the show from the comfort of their own homes just because. You give those potential audience members more options to experience your work.”

And isn’t that what we want? There’s a place for everyone in theater–onstage, backstage and even in the house.

In conclusion, theater has always been a reflection of the society it inhabits. It cleverly evolved to meet the changing tastes and challenges of its audience. From the grand amphitheaters of ancient Greece to the digital stages of today, theater remains a vital and dynamic form of expression.

Teaching about the origin of theater? Pick up this FREE lesson in my Teacherspayteachers store.

What are your favorite theater memories? How has theater impacted your life? Share your thoughts in the comments below and join the conversation about the enduring magic of theater.

If you’d like to teach about the origin of theater, check out this FREE resource: The Origin of Theater

Exploring Social Issues Through Plays: A Guide for Middle School

November 19, 2024 By dhcbaldwin Leave a Comment

Exploring Social Issues Through Plays: A Guide for Middle School

Today, I want to reflect on the my blog post title, exploring social issues through plays: a guide for middle School. Theater is a powerful tool for middle school students to explore and discuss social issues. By stepping into the shoes of characters dealing with real-world challenges, students develop empathy, critical thinking, and teamwork. Plays such as The Yellow Boat, Ama and the White Cranes, and The Third Wave provide age-appropriate ways to delve into complex topics, making them ideal for young performers.

The Power of Theater in the Classroom: Inspiring Change Through Stories

I believe one of our missions as teachers is to make the world a better place. As theater teachers, we have an incredibly useful tool at our fingertips–plays or musicals. No other art form can do what theater can do! I think you’d agree with me that the best way to reach people is through a story. Theater is non-confrontational and provides important universal themes.

In our classrooms, students can read or perform plays just for the sure fun or experience of it. Consequently, students can experience diverse perspectives and learn to understand others’ emotions and struggles. Plus, plays can structure an environment for discussing sensitive topics. Additionally, theater challenges students to examine societal issues in-depth and consider their roles in creating change.

Exploring Social Issues Through Plays: A Guide for Middle School

Here are a few plays I recommend to you. Your students could read one of these plays in your class or better yet, produce it for the public. (That’s the real elixir.)

My Recommendations for Middle School Reading

1. Peer Pressure, Authority, and Group Dynamics

—The Third Wave Based on a true story, this gripping play explores the dangers of groupthink and authoritarianism. It recounts a high school teacher’s experiment to demonstrate how easily individuals can be drawn into totalitarian systems. The Wave provides a thought-provoking look at peer pressure and critical thinking, making it highly relevant for middle schoolers.

2. Illness, Resilience, and Family

– The Yellow Boat by David Saar. This deeply moving play is based on the true story of Benjamin Saar, a young boy born with congenital hemophilia. Through his vivid imagination and artistic talent, Benjamin navigates the joys and struggles of his life, including his battle with HIV/AIDS, contracted from a blood transfusion. His journey, filled with creativity, resilience, and love, celebrates the power of art and human connection. The play is a poignant exploration of hope, loss, and the enduring spirit of a child, offering audiences a heartfelt and uplifting experience. A heartwarming and imaginative story about a young boy living with a terminal illness. This play offers an opportunity for students to explore themes of resilience, creativity, and the bonds of family.

3. Cultural Identity and Environmental Awareness

– Ama and the White Cranes This is a poignant play that blends Japanese folklore with contemporary themes of resilience and tradition. It follows Ama, a skilled pearl diver, who finds herself at odds with her village’s changing ways. When a mysterious white crane begins appearing during her dives, Ama discovers it is the spirit of her late mother, guiding her to protect the ocean and its treasures from exploitation. Ama struggles to reconcile her personal desires with her duty to her heritage. The story unfolds into a beautiful tale of sacrifice, love, and the enduring bond between humanity and nature. This is a beautiful play that introduces Japanese culture while exploring themes of courage, family, and environmental responsibility.

Timeless Stories: Exploring Empathy and Justice Through Adapted Plays

4. Bullying and Kindness

–The Hundred Dresses: This play adapted from the book of the same name, centers on Wanda Petronski, a Polish-American girl who is ridiculed by her classmates for wearing the same faded blue dress daily. In response to the teasing, Wanda claims to own one hundred beautiful dresses at home, a statement that becomes a focal point of the narrative. The book explores themes of bullying, empathy, and the consequences of prejudice. First published in 1944, this book and story survive the test of time.

-Holes– by Louis Sachar. This play adaptation of the book of the same name, is the story of Stanley Yelnats who is wrongly accused of theft. Stanley Yelnats is sent to Camp Green Lake, where boys dig holes daily as part of their punishment. As Stanley uncovers secrets about the camp, his family’s past, and the outlaw Kissin’ Kate Barlow, themes of justice, fate, and friendship come to light. (It seems to be out of printing as of this writing, but do check back to see if it’s re-appeared.)

5. Leadership and Community

– The Giver: Based on Lois Lowry’s novel, this play encourages students to reflect on freedom, individuality, and the responsibilities of leadership. Set in a seemingly utopian society where pain, conflict, and choice are eliminated. Jonas, a 12-year-old boy, is chosen to inherit the role of the Receiver of Memories. The Receiver is the only individual who holds the truth of the world’s past. As he learns from The Giver, Jonas begins to see the dark truths behind his community’s controlled existence. Confronted with the weight of memory and emotion, Jonas questions whether to accept the status quo or risk everything to bring freedom and individuality back to his world. For more information, read my post–The Reasons I Love The Giver Play

Cultivating Community and Resilience: Plays That Inspire Connection

– Seedfolks: This is a touching play adaptation of Paul Fleischman’s novel, weaving together the stories of diverse individuals in a struggling urban neighborhood. When a young girl plants a handful of beans in a vacant lot, her small act inspires others to transform the space into a thriving community garden. Each character contributes their unique voice, sharing personal struggles. Most importantly, while they share cultural perspectives, unexpected connections arise. As the garden grows, so does the sense of hope, unity, and understanding among the neighbors. This poignant story celebrates the power of small acts to foster change and build community.

-Esperanza Rising– This play is a heartfelt adaptation of Pam Muñoz Ryan’s acclaimed novel, following Esperanza Ortega, a privileged young girl in 1930s Mexico. When her family’s fortunes are shattered by tragedy, Esperanza and her mother are forced to flee to California. There they work as migrant laborers. Facing the hardship of poverty, prejudice, and back-breaking labor, Esperanza learns the value of resilience, community, and hope. This powerful coming-of-age story celebrates the strength of the human spirit and the importance of staying rooted in love and compassion during times of great change.

Discussing Social Issues in the Middle School Classroom

6. Diversity and Acceptance

—The Watsons Go to Birmingham--1963: Ten-year-old Kenny narrates a life-changing summer for his family. Hoping to reform troublemaking Byron, the Watsons travel to Birmingham, Alabama. They face the tragic 1963 church bombing. This moving and humorous story, based on Christopher Paul Curtis’ novel, explores family and resilience during a pivotal moment in history.

—Bud Not Buddy–-Set in 1930s Michigan, 10-year-old Bud Caldwell, an orphan fleeing abusive foster homes, embarks on a journey to find his father. Guided by a flier for a jazz band, Herman E. Calloway and the Dusky Devastators of the Depression, Bud travels to Grand Rapids. He believes Calloway to be his father. Along the way, Bud encounters trouble, humor, and wisdom, using his “Rules and Things” to navigate a challenging world.

The Third Wave: A Powerful Lesson in Authority and Responsibility

At this point in our country’s history, it is vitally important that we dramatize stories whose themes are especially powerful to our students. We are at a real crossroads. It is up to us to stand and be counted.

The Third Wave is particularly impactful for middle school students. Foremost, it dives into the issues they can relate to, such as peer pressure, the influence of authority figures, and the need to belong. The play demonstrates how quickly groupthink can take over. Additionally, it encourages students to think critically about their choices and the importance of standing up for what’s right.

By dramatizing this real-life experiment, The Third Wave helps middle school students understand the dangers of blindly following authority or succumbing to social pressures. It’s a powerful conversation starter about history, psychology, and personal responsibility. Lastly, I challenge you to select this play for production at your school–you won’t regret it!

Incorporating These Plays into the Classroom

Wondering how to introduce students to the themes and moments in history or cultural contexts? If you’re using the play in your middle school classroom, encourage students to write reflections. For example, they could be written from their characters’ perspectives to deepen their engagement. Additionally, you can facilitate a discussion about the play’s messages and how they relate to students’ lives.

Ready to inspire your students and tackle these critical topics? The stage is waiting!

What plays do you read aloud in your middle school classroom or have staged that held important themes and messages? I’d love to learn about them.

Email me at DhcBaldwin@gmail.com

The Benefits of Music in Your Classroom: Boosting Learning

November 2, 2024 By dhcbaldwin Leave a Comment

The Benefits of Music in Your Classroom: Boosting Learning

Today, I want to blog about boosting learning: the benefits of music in your classroom. When I was a child I had a beloved Beagle, Frisky John, who we discovered loved to sing while I practiced the piano. I don’t know if my mother and Frisky got together and conspired to get me to practice every day, but as long as Frisky was sitting by me, I practiced! Can your dog sing on command?

With and without Frisky, I have loved music my entire life. It is not uncommon for me to listen to several genres of music every day. Listening to classical music to Broadway, solo singers like Joni Mitchell to pop singers like Taylor Swift enriches my day. Above all, music is essential to my soul. It heightens my mood, helps me concentrate, destresses and allows me to go somewhere else in my day dreams.

Nearly every day, I hear another teacher worried about their students lack of engagement in the learning. Usually, when a teacher asks for suggestions to boost student engagement, I first suggest they integrate drama into their classroom. It’s much easier than you think, too. You can learn about that here: How to Excite Students With Drama Integration

The Power of Music in the Classroom: How Music Benefits Students’ Learning

I am going out on a limb here. Also, I think if you can incorporate music into your lessons, a teacher will find it helps to students learn. What, you say? Hear me out. When I taught theater, no matter the grade level, I always played music in the background. Generally, we listened to classical music which was serene. (Remember, I use music to relax me.) Sometimes I played film scores when the students were working on their own.

Depending upon the energy level I required from the students, I’d play particular songs that boosted students’ energy. If they were too wound up, I’d play something more calm. Usually, they kicked into the energy level I required. If you’d like a lessons about movement, check it out here: Movement Lesson

Enhancing Learning Through the Power of Music

Adding music to the mix can be a game-changer. Music has a unique way of activating various parts of the brain. Moreover, it can create a learning environment that fosters focus, creativity, and emotional regulation—all essential for academic success. Again, just like drama, the transition to playing music in the classroom is seamless and always fun.

Let’s explore how using music as a learning tool can help transform your classroom.

Enhances Focus and Attention

Music can be an excellent tool for focusing students’ attention. For instance, its useful when transitioning between activities or during individual work time. According to the National Library of Medicine, studies have shown that background music can improve concentration. By providing a steady rhythm, music supports cognitive tasks. Interestingly, this is especially true for extrovertive personalities.

Introverts may enjoy soft classical music or instrumental tunes work well as background music. Additionally, they help students tune out distractions and channel their energy toward the task at hand. My students always enjoyed Thomas Newman’s film track from Finding Nemo.

Reduces Stress and Creates a Calming Atmosphere

For many students, school can be a source of stress, and music offers a natural way to create a calming atmosphere. For instance, when playing soft and soothing music during challenging times, it can lower stress and anxiety levels. This calming influence helps students approach learning with a relaxed mindset. Thus, music boosts their ability to retain new information.

In an article on www.nature.com music in particular has been proposed as a promising tool to explore imagination, as more than 70% of music listeners indicate that they experience visual imagery when listening to music. It has even been found helpful in treating patients with traumatic event disorder. Check out this blog post about Arts Quote We Love #4–Civilizations Remembered for Their Arts

Inspires Creativity

When I begin planning a play that I will be directing, I first pick out music for the production. This helps me in two ways. First, it quickly kicks me in to the mood of the production. Secondly because of its positive distraction, I more easily harness my ideas. I listen to many pieces of music every day. Consequently, while listening my imagination soars. By seeing with my “mind’s eye”, I find it effortless to picture what the production will look and feel like.

Since music is a form of art, incorporating it into the classroom encourages students to think creatively. Music is useful in every classroom. Whether used as a warm-up for a creative writing session or as background music for art projects, music can spark students’ imaginations.

For example, playing different genres of music might inspire students to create stories. Furthermore, visual artwork can be based on the emotions or images that the music evokes. It can’t help but broaden their creative horizons. One of my favorite pieces to use is Holst’s, The Planets.

Builds Cultural Awareness and Inclusivity

I am always looking for ways to engage students. By engaging them, I believe they will learn. One of the best ways to expose students to cultures is through music. For example, a diverse range of music from around the world helps them appreciate and respect different cultures. By using music from various traditions, teachers can create an inclusive classroom environment quite effortlessly.

By listening to music from many cultures students learn to value diversity and cultures. One group I always played was Ladysmith Black Mambazo. This musical exploration can lead to discussions about cultural backgrounds, traditions, and perspectives. By enriching students’ worldviews their appreciation for diversity grows. A film score I would have used is The Black Panther , The Water Fall scene.

Boosts Memory and Retention

Have you ever heard a song from your high school years and you were immediately pulled back in your memory to those times? Me, too. Music has been shown to improve memory retention. Setting information to music can be a highly effective mnemonic tool. This works especially for younger students.

My personal favorite music are the songs from Schoolhouse Rock such as I’m Just a Bill! In fact, teachers can create simple songs for memorizing multiplication tables, vocabulary words, or historical dates. I remember our daughters learning a song about the state capitols–State Capitols Song. This “music in your classroom” approach helps students retain information long-term and makes learning more enjoyable. That’s the key here, friend.

Improves Language Skills

As you might expect, Language and music share common neural pathways. In a 2017 study shared on Sciencedirect.com, a group of scientists found that making music is an effective way to enhance language development. By listening to songs with rich vocabulary, rhythm, and rhymes a student can improve language comprehension and vocabulary.

Especially, this is useful for students learning a new language. Incorporating music into reading activities, for example, by using song lyrics as reading material, provides a fun way to strengthen literacy skills. Have you ever assigned your students to perform a “songologue”? Check out this article in dramatics.org.

Encourages Positive Classroom Behavior

Using music strategically can help manage classroom behavior. For instance, playing upbeat music during clean-up time. Plus, using it for transitions can make routine tasks feel more enjoyable. Generally, I find students participate enthusiastically. You can even use music as a cue, signaling that it’s time for a specific activity.

One of my favorites things to say to students while they are working is, “When you hear ‘Shark bait, who haha”, it’s time to stop. With time, students learn to associate certain music with certain activities. This helps with classroom routines and behavior management. I say…whatever it takes to make it easier on your and fun for your students is the right tool for me!

Tips for Using Music in the Classroom

Lastly, here are a few suggestions of mine how to uses music in your classroom:

1. Choose Music Purposefully: First, think about the goal—whether it’s focusing, energizing, or calming students—and select music accordingly.
2. Set the Volume Appropriately: Background music should be subtle, not distracting. However, make sure it’s low enough to allow for easy conversation and focus.
3. Experiment with Genres: Don’t limit yourself to one style! From classical and jazz to world music, try various genres to see what resonates best with your students.
4. Create a Playlist: Having a playlist ready can save time and ensure a smooth transition between activities. Plus, consider creating different playlists for different parts of the day or tasks.
5. Be Mindful of Lyrics: When possible, use instrumental music or songs with positive messages. Consequently, this will aid you maintaing a respectful and inclusive atmosphere.

As you might expect, I’m listening to music right now as I write this. Today, I feel like listening to the film score of Dune. I hope I’ve convinced you to experiment with music in your classroom. Personally, to me it’s like icing on the cake!

Do you use music in your classroom? I’d love to know about it. Feel free to email me at DhcBaldwin@gmail.com

« Previous Page

youth theatre

Why Every High School Theater Needs a Rehearsal Contract

Why Every High School Theater Needs a Rehearsal Contract

Rehearsal Conflict: Calling the Right Actors at the Right Time

Costumes, Props & Backstage Expectations: Taking Responsibility for the Details

The Benefits of Using a Rehearsal Contract

A Freebie Just for You!

High School Theater Rehearsal Contract

1. Attendance Policy

2. Rehearsal Schedule

3. Rehearsal Etiquette

4. Line and Blocking Memorization

5. Costume and Technical Responsibilities

6. Behavioral Expectations

7. Parent/Guardian Acknowledgment

Agreement and Signatures

Share this:

Like this:

Exploring Modern Theaters: A Global Journey in Performance

Creativity and Diversity

Europe: Old and New Come Together

Asia: Mixing Old and New

Africa: Stories of Strength and Change

Australia and Oceania: Cultural Bridges

Global Trends in Modern Theater

The Future of Modern Theater

Theaters Around the World Resource

Share this:

Like this:

How to Attract Boys to Drama Programs

Why Boys May Hesitate to Join Drama

Strategies to Attract Boys to Drama Programs

1. Highlight the Benefits of Drama

2. Showcase Role Models

3. Offer a Range of Roles

4. Incorporate Popular Themes

5. Build a Welcoming Culture

6. Engage Parents and Teachers

How to Attract Boys to Drama Programs

Success Stories from Boys in Drama

Final Thoughts: Drama Is for Everyone

Share this:

Like this:

Epic Theater Evolution: A Journey Through Time

Ancient Greek Theater

The Renaissance and Shakespearean Era

The 19th and 20th Centuries

The Birth of Musical Theater

Contemporary Theater

The Rise of Virtual and Online Theater

What are your favorite theater memories? How has theater impacted your life? Share your thoughts in the comments below and join the conversation about the enduring magic of theater.

Share this:

Like this:

Exploring Social Issues Through Plays: A Guide for Middle School

The Power of Theater in the Classroom: Inspiring Change Through Stories

Exploring Social Issues Through Plays: A Guide for Middle School

My Recommendations for Middle School Reading

Timeless Stories: Exploring Empathy and Justice Through Adapted Plays

Cultivating Community and Resilience: Plays That Inspire Connection

Discussing Social Issues in the Middle School Classroom

The Third Wave: A Powerful Lesson in Authority and Responsibility

Incorporating These Plays into the Classroom

Share this:

Like this:

The Benefits of Music in Your Classroom: Boosting Learning

The Power of Music in the Classroom: How Music Benefits Students’ Learning

Enhancing Learning Through the Power of Music

Tips for Using Music in the Classroom

Share this:

Like this:

Footer

Follow Us

FOLLOW US

Goodreads: read